Mercades Lash

History & 116

Primary Source

Week 4

Memorabilia by Xenophon relates to this week’s reading about Socrates. Socrates is someone who would question the people of Greece about the actual presence of a God, which made the young people of Greece question their parents and their whole religion. The article relates to the reading about Socrates because Xenophon explains that his friend knew what was truly terrible about the Greek society that the people of Greece had been feeding into. 

This document about Socrates is very important. The people of Greece believed that Socrates was corrupting the youth by making them question the religion that they had been taught throughout their life. Xenophon states that when Socrates would make the Greeks think about what they already know, there would be fear of the unknown. Most of the Greeks did not want to believe in what Socrates was saying because they feared that there would be shame upon them by their God and even the other Greeks that without a doubt would never question their God. Xenophon talks about the Greeks praising items such as: “stones, stalks, and beasts” instead of the actual existence of a God in their country. So it is the people of Greece that actually think for themselves during down time that they start thinking that Socrates may have a point about what he is teaching the youth. When one started to do some heavy thinking, it would upset them because they would never want to dishonor the God they have known for so long.

“For just as some madmen, he said, have no apprehension of what is truly terrible, others fear where no fear is; some are ready to say and do anything in public without the slightest symptom of shame;others think they ought not so much as to set foot among their fellow-men; some honour neither temple, nor altar, nor aught else sacred to the name of God; others bow down to stocks and stones and worship the very beasts:— so is it with those thinkers whose minds are cumbered with cares concerning the Universal Nature.”

                Memorabilia by Xenophon - http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/x/xenophon/x5me/book1.html

Daniel Hare

History 116

Friday Week 4

http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/480artemisia.asp

The traditional role of women had no place for them in warfare in the ancient world. However the historian Herodotus told of the battle at Salamis off the coast of Greece in 480 between the Persian naval fleet and the newly established Greek naval force of triremes, and a woman named Artemisia who rose to a place of prominence in the Persian Empire with her actions as commander of a Persian ship. When Artemisia learned of the Greek fleet massing near the island of Salamis off the Athenian coast, the Anatolian ruler saw a trap. She implored her king Xerxes to not fight the Greeks on the sea where they were trying to level the playing field, and instead to continue to fight on land where the Persian army outnumbered the Greeks by more than 10 to 1. She stated “Spare your ships, and do not risk a battle; for these people are as much superior to your people in seamanship, as men to women. What so great need is there for you to incur hazard at sea? Are you not master of Athens, for which you did undertake your expedition? Is not Hellas subject to you?” Artemisia realized that nothing could be gained by fighting the Greeks at sea on their terms. Unfortunately for the Persians, Xerxes fell for the Greeks ploy and ordered his fleet to advance on the Greeks. Artemisia was the commander of one of Xerxes ships and was able to save herself from the carnage that the Greek navy incurred on the Persians. Artemisia was able to sink one of her own ships which gave the Greek commander the notion that she was fighting for him and he gave up pursuit of her ship. While watching her from the shore Xerxes stated "My men have behaved like women, my women like men!” a statement like that had been stated rarely if not never when describing women in war. Even though the Persians lost the battle and eventually lost Greece as a territory of Persia, Artemisia remained a prominent figure in Persia.

Peter Lentz

(Primary Source)

“Themistocles decree- 480 B.C.”

(Author)- Themistocles

Editor- NA

Website- http://www.ancientgreekbattles.net/Pages/48085_ThemDecree.htm

            This document is important because it explains

about how Themistocles organizes the people and the

country of Athens together in order to fight off the

Persian Empire or barbarians.  The script tells about

Themistocles gathering the women and children up to go

to a safe land called Troezen.  The older boys and men

will then be appointed to two hundred ships.  Each ship

had a general in charge of the ship.  Everybody else who

was willing to fight for their country had the job of

becoming a rower for the ships.  The generals and the

people were all registered to their positions from what

Themistocles planned.  Themistocles whole plan was to

stop the Persians from taking over their Country and the

neighboring countries that were of Greek people.  The

Athenians and many other Greek countries sacrificed

themselves for their country, their Gods, and for

independence and democracy.  In the end, the document

shows how important it was for Themistocles to take

charge and to save the Athenians from the Persian

Empire.

            What we have been learning this week on Greece

is related to this document.  In both the document and

what we have learned in class is that the Athenians were

at war with the Persian Empire.  The Persian Empire

wanted to expand and take over the Greek nation.  The

Athenian people wanted independence and democracy

but were having difficulty forming it.  So Themistocles

stepped in to take charge and to make a difference for

Greece.  Themistocles gave independence and democracy

by helping the Athenian people to defeat the Persians. 

What I mean by this is that the people in Greece were

able to take matters into their own hands and were able to

unite as a nation of power.  It showed strength for the

Athenian people.  After the battles were won, the nation

of Greece was able to have trade with many countries

and grew into a larger nation by becoming an

Empire.  The Athenian people got rid of Themistocles in

order to have more a democratic nation which ultimately

led them in becoming an empire.

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